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Hunting Hatchet

What is a Zeugma?

Zeugma is a rhetorical one word refers to two or more words in a sentence, often playing in the words' literal and metaphorical meaning.

Smiling with a wry smile that did little to hide their intentions twisted and crooked teeth, said: "Trust me."

The verb "hide" controls two other words: intentions and teeth. But what is worthy of note this zeugma is the juxtaposition of an abstract noun (intentions) to a concrete (teeth).

Now, however, sloth triumphs over diligence, labor idleness, vice over virtue, arrogance over courage, and theory on the practice of arms, who lived and shone only in the Golden Age and at the time of knights-errant (Cervantes 465).

I found her enchanted princess turned into a peasant, from beautiful to ugly, angel in a devil, from fragrant to pestiferous, from well-spoken in paperback, from serene to scary, light in darkness, and finally, from Dulcinea del Toboso into a villain Farmgirl Sayago (Cervantes 671).

With this simple joy and Cervantes adds color to the narrative, through antithesis, while cultivating the attention the reader, forcing him to put two and two to capture the intended meaning.

Zeugma used humorous:

Lenox said, "Hog, the only care is what your breath when you eat."

After two failed marriages, I'm keeping my guard, along with my underpants (Grafton, C is the corpse of 15).

In The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare, we note the insolent voice of Portia:

How strange that fits [equipped]! I think he bought his doublet in Italy, their trousers in France, his bonnet in Germany and his behavior everywhere. (Act I, Scene II, line 72-72).

Zeugma used to set the tone of a book, like the Vicar of Wakefield:

From this, I had orders low took a year before you start thinking seriously about marriage, and chose my wife as her wedding gown, not for a fine glossy surface, but qualities were used properly (Goldsmith 4).

Zeugma in dialogue:

"Eliot, Michael untimely departure leaves us with a space, both in our home and our hearts "(Segal 112)." To our dear new leader Jason Gilbert, racket as-man-ass man and incomparable. May your shots in the lower court as often as his underwear in bed "(Segal 143).

Administration's word can be a noun and a verb, as seen in The following examples of Harper Lee "To Kill a Mockingbird, where the control word is the hand of the name:

Calpurnia was something else. It was all angles and bones, was short-sighted, she narrowed her eyes, her hand was entirely as a bed slat and twice as hard (7).

and control of the word is the word "lost" in the following example:

Mrs. Radley had been beautiful, until she married Mr. Radley and lost all his money. She also lost most of their teeth, hair, and his right forefinger (Dill's contribution) (39).

From the above examples we infer zeugma that can be used to give the narrative an air of cheerful humor or jokes. Just as the Fool in Shakespeare's plays breaks the solemnity of the scene of the parody and nonsense, so that makes Cervantes in Don Quixote:

At this point, a sow-pig happened to arrive at the inn, and as he approached, sounded his whistle reed four or five times, confirming the Don Quixote that he was a famous castle where he was entertained with music, and that cod was trout, fresh bread and white women prostitutes, the innkeeper, Castilian castle, and that his decision to leave had been good (Cervantes 29).

When joining the substantive zeugma concrete and abstract, the combinations can arouse the reader's emotions. Tim O'Brien's novel are the things they carried is full of this sort of zeugma:

As a protection against bad times, however, also led his Kiowa grandmother's distrust of the white man's hunting hatchet his grandfather's age (3). He had a strobe light and the responsibility of the lives of his men (5). But Ted Lavender, who was scared, carried 34 rounds when he was gunned down outside that Khe, and fell an exceptional burden, more than 20 pounds of ammunition, plus a bulletproof vest and helmet and rations and water and toilet paper and tranquilizers and other, more unweighed fear (6).

See how Gabriel García Márquez creates atmospheric tension with the use of a governing verb, 'listen':

He got dressed by feel, listening in the dark to his brother's calm breathing, dry cough of his father in the next room, the asthma of the hens in the yard, the buzzing of mosquitoes, the beating of his heart, and the inordinate bustle of a world he had not seen before, and went outside to sleep (Garcia Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude, 27).

We have not exhausted the subject, as others are due to zeugma that depend on what the slot of the sentence the zeugma is placed in, but their complexity can lead to ambiguity and confusion, so we do not recommend their use.

About the Author:

Retired. Former investment banker, Columbia University-educated, Vietnam Vet (67-68).
For the writing techniques I use, see Mary Duffy’s e-book: Sentence Openers.
To read my book reviews of the Classics visit my blog: Writing To Live

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Zeugma -Rhetorical Device Used By Master Writers

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